Archaeologists in Egypt's Western Desert have found an entire ancient city at a place called Ain Al-Sabil. The city, built mostly from mud brick, is from the 4th and 5th centuries when the area was part of the Byzantine Empire. The settlement was well-planned, with main streets and smaller roads leading to public squares. Thick walls and two watchtowers protected the city.
Inside the walls, archaeologists found evidence of daily life. They discovered kitchens with old bread ovens and tools for grinding food. The houses were well-built, with large rooms and high ceilings, showing it was a permanent community. People wrote on pieces of pottery, called ostraca, because papyrus was expensive. About 200 pottery fragments with Greek and Coptic writing were found, showing personal letters and business records.
Coins made of bronze and gold were also found, some showing Christian symbols and portraits of Byzantine rulers. A gold coin from the time of Emperor Constantius II was among the discoveries. Religion was important, with a large Christian church in the center of the city. Researchers also found a house that may have been used as a private church before the main church was built. A church deacon named Tisous lived there later.
Egypt's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced the find. This discovery could help attract more tourists to the Dakhla Oasis, which is being considered for UNESCO World Heritage status. Tourism is important for Egypt's economy, and visitor numbers have been increasing rapidly.